AQA Biology Ecosystems Revision Notes

• 1Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
• 2Energy flow in ecosystems follows the food chain from producers to consumers.
• 3Nutrient cycling involves the transfer of nutrients through different trophic levels.
• 4Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem stability and resilience.
• 5Human activities can significantly impact ecosystems, leading to degradation and loss of biodiversity.

An ecosystem is like a community where all living things, like plants and animals, interact with each other and their environment, such as water and soil. These interactions help support life and maintain balance. Energy moves through ecosystems as plants are eaten by animals, and nutrients are recycled back into the environment.